Under specific hygrothermal (temperature and humidity) conditions, various surfaces in buildings can experience mold growth. In addition to obvious aesthetic and sanitary issues, mold growth is also a significant health risk. Mold spores are known to cause various illnesses in humans. To prevent mold growth it is important to develop methods that account for transient hygrothermal boundary conditions and inform designers if the environment would support mold growth. The most important factors are temperature, humidity, and substrate material.

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Decay of buildings is often related to corrosion of metallic reinforcements. If wet conditions occur on the surface of steel reinforcements, corrosion can start, unless the inserts are protected by the alkalinity of the environment. Corrosion may weaken reinforcements and produce expanding oxides that lead to the detachment of covering materials, thus being harmful for the durability of the construction and challenging for its restoration. When dealing with heritage buildings the problem becomes even more complex due to the need of non-invasive and reversible techniques. Here the only possibility is often to limit the corrosion rate by controlling moisture and temperature conditions in the assembly.

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